The Dodo Bird
A cute, flightless bird that is considered by many to be the archetype of extinct species. The dodo lived in times when the environment was free of predators and it offered plenty of food. It was not a natural disaster or calamity that caused the dodo to become extinct. It was the human kind. The dodo lived in the Mauritius island in the Indian Ocean. When European explorers arrived on the island (in the 1600s), the dodo became endangered. This is because hungry explorers have started to massively hunt it.
Unlike many others birds, the dodo was large in size (reaching 1 meter in height), therefore being a great source of meat for weary sailors. Domestic animals accompanying them (mainly dogs, rats and pigs) destroyed the dodo’s eggs and nests, so it was no longer able to multiply. In a few short years, the dodo became extinct. These are the most famous extinct animals known until present day. Other fascinating and intriguing extinct species include the Quagga (half zebra, half horse), the Tasmanian Tiger (Thylacine), Steller’s Sea Cow, the Irish Deer, the Caspian Tiger, the Great Auk, the Cave Lion, and many others.
Woolly Mammoth
Another fascinating extinct animal that has become renowned due to its impressive size. Most commonly, the woolly mammoth is associated with the Ice Age. It was probably one of the earliest mammoth species and it lived in North Africa about 3 million years ago. It then migrated o North America sometime during late Pleistocene. Also called the tundra mammoth, this animal did not make it in the New World and is believed to have become extinct about 10,000 years ago, after the last Ice Age. This is the reason why their remains are not fossilized, but preserved in their organic state, since they have remained frozen for a long time. This also led to the woolly mammoth becoming one of the best anatomically understood prehistoric vertebrates and extinct animals known until present day.
The Bubal Hartebeest
Female Bubal Hartebeest that lived in London Zoo from 1883 until 1897
The Bubal Hartebeest was a species of antelope that became extinct in 1923, when a captive female died in Jardin des Plantes in Paris. It was once found over much of North Africa, at least as far east as Egypt, where it was a mythological and sacrificial beast. However, by the 1900s its range was limited to Algeria and the Moroccan High Atlas mountains. Hunting throughout the 19th century drastically reduced the Bubal Hartebeest’s numbers, sealing its fate. A fawn-coloured animal that stood almost 4 feet at the shoulder, the Bubal Hartebeest was characterised by lyre-shaped horns that almost touched at the base. A beautiful beast, sadly missed.
The Syrian Wild Ass
Syrian Wild Ass in London Zoo, 1872
The last member of this species died at Schönbrunn Zoo, Vienna in 1928. Formerly occupying the mountains, deserts and steppes between Palestine and Iraq, the Syrian Wild Ass disappeared from the Syrian desert during the 18th century, not helped by war between Palestine and Syria. It was eradicated in Northern Arabia during the 19th century, and then became most seriously threatened with World War I, when its remaining habitat was overrun with fighting forces. The rest is history. This smallest of all recent members of the horse family stood just over 3 feet high at the shoulder and was generally light in colour.
The Caspian Tiger
A captive Caspian Tiger in Berlin Zoo, 1899
Another tiger to vanish in the last century was the Caspian Tiger, the last confirmed reports of which date back to before the 1950s. Recent research suggests the Caspian Tiger was largely identical to the Siberian Tiger, but even if not a distinct subspecies, it yet had its own range and habitat. Found in the sparse forest and river basin corridors of Central and Western Asian, this big cat succumbed to intense hunting by the Russian army, who were told to exterminate it during a huge land reclamation programme in the early 1900s. Farmers followed, clearing forestland, and the loss of the Caspian Tiger's primary prey, the boar, spelled its demise.
The Javan Tiger
Live Javan Tiger, taken in 1938 at Ujung Kulon
The Javan Tiger was a subspecies of tiger found only on the Indonesian island of Java, until it died out as recently as the 1980s. In the early 19th century, the Javan Tiger was common all over the island, but rapid human population increase led to the destruction of its forest habitat. The Javan Tiger was also mercilessly hunted, so that by the 1950s it is thought fewer than 25 remained in the wild. Following in the tracks of the Bali Tiger, which was wiped out in the 1930s, the fate of the Javan Tiger speaks for the precarious position of the tiger species as a whole. Sightings of the subspecies persist but hopes for its survival are fading.
The Quagga
Quagga at London's Regent's Park Zoo, 1870
Another extinct equine beast – this time a subspecies of zebra – the last wild Quagga was probably shot in the late 1870s, while the last specimen in captivity died in 1883 at Artis Magistra Zoo in Amsterdam. Once abundant in southern Africa, the Quagga fell victim to ruthless hunting for its meat and hide, and because it was seen by settlers as a competitor to livestock like sheep. It was the coat of the Quagga that distinguished it best, with only the front part of its body showing the zebra’s vivid striped markings. As with the Tarpan, projects to breed back the Quagga have produced favourable results, visually at least.
The Tarpan
The last Tarpan died on a Ukrainian game preserve at Askania Nova in 1876. A prehistoric type of wild horse that once roamed from Southern France and Spain eastwards to central Russia, the Tarpan died out in the wild in the late 1800s. Reasons for its extinction include the destruction of its forest and steppe habitat to make room for people; hunting by farmers averse to their crops being eaten and mares stolen; and absorption into a growing domestic horse population. There have been various attempts to recreate the Tarpan through re-breeding, resulting in horses that do at least resemble their extinct forebears.
The Thylacine
It was 1936 when the last Thylacine took its final breath in Hobart Zoo, Tasmania. Or so we think. Extremely rare if not extinct on the Australian mainland by the time of European colonisation, the Thylacine survived on the island of Tasmania alongside close cousins like the Tasmanian Devil. There, this distinctive, large-jawed beast found itself with a price on its head, as settlers blamed it for attacks on their sheep. The Thylacine was hunted to extinction by bounty hunters and farmers, though other factors such as disease, the introduction of wild dogs, and human encroachment into its habitat may have also played a part in the tragedy.
Although commonly known as the Tasmanian Tiger or Tasmanian Wolf, the Thylacine was neither feline nor canine: while striped like a tiger and sharing various features with large dogs, this marsupial carnivore was wholly unrelated – and with the pouch to prove it. A favourite in cryptozoological circles, there have been numerous sightings of the Thylacine since 1936 – which continue to this day – though none have yet been confirmed. It will be a rare coup for Mother Nature if another Thylacine is ever discovered; otherwise its most vivid memory will sadly survive in little more than photographic form – another dead hero of the natural world.
Hambo Lama Itigelov, born in 1852 always wanted to be a monk and that’s why at the mere age of sixteen he started his religious education from Anninsky Datsa, a Buddhist university in Buryatia, which is in ruins now. He became Pandido Khambo Lama-the head of Russian Buddhist in 1911. During the First World War Itigelov created an organization called “Buryat brothers”. The organization helped the army with meals clothes and money. Itigelov with the help of fellow lama brothers also built hospitals for the wounded soldiers. In 1926 Itigelov advised the Buddhist monks to leave Russia, since ‘the red teaching was coming”, though Itigelov never left Russia. A year later, when Itigelov was 75 he told other monks that he was ready to die and to begin meditation ceremonies and funeral rites, but the monks disagreed as he was still alive. So Itigelov started to meditate on his own and later the monks also joined him, Itigelov died while meditating.
Itigelov had left behind a testament in which he had said that he should be buried in the same position that he was when he died, sitting in a lotus position. It was written in the language of Old Mongolian vertical script and was passed to Ivilginski temple from Inner Mongolia of China in 1996. He had also wished to be put in a pine box. His body was to be exhumed within several years by the monks, one of the clauses of the testament claimed. In 1955 and 1977, while Itigelov’s body was being taken out the monks were surprised to see no signs of physical decay on the body. The monks were too afraid to reveal this astonishing finding, since communist regime had not left any space for religion in society. It was only in September 11, 2002 that the body was finally exhumed in front of the members of Buddhist Traditional Sangha. 
The body was later transferred to Ivolginsky Datsan, a residence of today’s Hambo Lama. The body as examined by monks, scientists and pathologists.The statement was issued that:” the body looked like it died only 36 hours ago.” The body was well preserved, with no signs of decay whatsoever, whole muscles and inner tissue intact and with soft joints and skin all in place. For two years after the exhumation of Itigilov’s body it does not perish nor decay, no fungus, no negative things happen to it. The Buddhist monks approach him as a living person and shake hands with him. Some Monks even claim that Hambo Lama Itigelov is still alive and is in Nirvana like state.
